Therefore, again, it opens the scope of tailored interventions rather than a one-size-fits-all model of selective and indicated prevention for various MH conditions. Moreover, insurance companies, including those in high-income countries (HICs), may not be willing to fund such novel interventions, which restricts the accessibility and availability of interventions. Some reports highlight that many of these interventions do not align with the preferences and use the pattern of the service utilizers. These interventions need to be customized and adapted according to local needs and context, for which implementation and evaluative research are warranted. Some of these could be attributed to poor digital literacy, digital/network-related limitations, privacy issues, and society’s preparedness to implement these interventions. Dietary and lifestyle modifications have been recommended for major depressive disorders by the Clinical Practice Guidelines in Australia (106).

Effects of public health department activities on population mental health.

Integrating mHealth applications into traditional healthcare systems presents a promising avenue as well. Thirty studies employed randomized controlled trial (RCT) designs 43–49,54–60,62–73,75–78, while the other eight clinical trial studies used a non-randomized controlled design 50–53,61,74,79,80. It focuses on methodological criteria and includes the nature of the study (randomized or nonrandomized clinical trial) across the performance, detection, attrition, and selection biases.

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• The rapid increase in the use of mobile phone applications has created an opportunity to enhance access to evidence-based care .
• Examples of third-wave CBT include behavioral activation, schema therapy, acceptance and commitment therapy, cognitive behavioral analysis system of psychotherapy, dialectical behavior therapy, metacognitive therapy, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and mindfulness-based stress reduction.
• State and local policies that prevent bullying at school and online could produce mental health benefits, but evidence on the effects of these policies is lacking.
• Despite few studies or reviews are now available, some data have shown that additional use of the so-called expressive therapies, in particular art therapies, seems to reduce negative symptoms among schizophrenia patients, being able to reach an improvement in self-knowledge, awareness, as well as affective and relationship skills in this population (28–30).
• If data or supporting information were obtained from another source (e.g. correspondence with the author of the original research article), please provide the source of data and dates on which the data/information were obtained by your research group.

State laws and administrative policies that enhance and promote full compliance with federal mental health parity laws could also reduce structural stigma toward people with mental illness (47). Identifying and reforming policies that create structural stigma is a strategy to improve population mental health. For example, quasi-experimental studies have found that public housing subsidies improve mental health among low-income adults (58) and children (59). Public policy can also reduce stress among low-income groups and improve population mental health by reducing housing insecurity, such as through increasing public housing subsidies (54).

This is challenging in that there are often lags between conduction of research and publication, and then from publication to adoption into practice or policy. In addition, often times the randomized controlled trials compare an active intervention with a wait-list control or attention control condition that does not exist in the community. As another example, diverse forms of psychotherapy guided by myriad theoretical perspectives or a combination of such models are practiced. Second, there are a number of marked differences between the processes of commonly practiced psychotherapies and EBP. Training in an EBP, coupled with an active and ongoing learning process, is required for professionals to facilitate patient change and other positive outcomes 28, 31. Ideally, practitioners who actively employ EBPs save time, money, and resources by avoiding treatments with little or questionable effectiveness for their patients.

Structured mindfulness exercises

With this increase in the utilization of mental health services, the need to provide the optimal treatments is particularly critical (Garfield, et al., 2011). Importantly, insurance companies have been barred from denying coverage based on pre-existing conditions or rescinding individuals’ coverage because of illness, including mental disorders. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2156857X.2022.2072379 Also, from 1997 to 2003 the limits on coverage for mental health treatment rose. Moreover, only one fifth of the group with a serious mental disorder received a mental health service in 2004–2006 compared to one half among those who had coverage (Garfield, Zuvekas, Lave, & Donohue, 2011). Notably, outcomes from the disorder-focused manualized treatments did not differ significantly from the outcomes of usual care (Weisz, et al., 2012). Clark (1999) and Salkovskis (2002) proposed four steps for developing an effective treatment for mental disorders.