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Many more people struggle with other forms of anxiety and OCD that could similarly be exacerbated by AI chatbots. Experts believe that health anxiety may affect upwards of 12 percent of the population. This kind of takes it to the next level,” Lisa Levine, a psychologist specializing in anxiety and obsessive-compulsive disorder, and who treats patients with health anxiety specifically, told me. I spoke with four therapists who treat the condition (including my own); they all said that they’re seeing clients use chatbots in this way, and that they’re concerned about how AI can lead people to constantly seek reassurance, perpetuating the condition. For nearly two weeks, Mallon, a 46-year-old in Liverpool, England, spent hours each day talking with the chatbot about the potential diagnosis.

In January, the company leaned into this by introducing a feature called ChatGPT Health, encouraging users to upload their medical documents, test results, and data from wellness apps, and to talk with ChatGPT about their health. That type of feedback only feeds the condition—“a perfect storm,” said Levine, who has seen talking with chatbots for reassurance become a new compulsion in and of itself for some of her clients. Online communities focused on health anxiety—an umbrella term for excessive worrying about illness or bodily sensations—are filling up with conversations about ChatGPT and other AI tools. Mallon told me he believes that the cancer scare and ChatGPT together caused him to develop this crippling health anxiety. His follow-up tests showed it wasn’t cancer after all, but he could not stop talking to ChatGPT about health concerns, querying the bot about every sensation he felt in his body for months.

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But the experience left me wondering whether, as millions of people use chatbots daily—forming relationships and dependencies, becoming emotionally entangled with AI—it will ever be possible to isolate the benefits of a health consultant at your fingertips from the dangerous pull that some people are bound to feel. In an October blog post, OpenAI said it consulted more than 170 mental-health professionals to more reliably recognize signs of emotional distress in users. Health anxiety often functions as a form of OCD with obsessive thoughts and “checking,” or reassurance-seeking compulsions. Two years ago, I fell into a cycle of health anxiety myself, sparked by a close friend’s traumatic illness and my own escalating chronic pain and mysterious symptoms. According to data from OpenAI published by Axios, more than 40 million people turn to the chatbot for medical information every day. In October X posts, OpenAI CEO Sam Altman declared the serious mental-health issues surrounding ChatGPT to be mitigated, saying that serious problems affect “a very small percentage of users in mentally fragile states.” But mental fragility is not a fixed state; a person can seem fine until they suddenly are not.

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ChatGPT would acknowledge that I put this guardrail on our conversations, though it also prompted me to keep responding and allowed me to keep asking questions, which it readily answered. The company also said it updated ChatGPT to give users “gentle reminders” to take breaks⁠ during long sessions. OpenAI has also acknowledged that its safety guardrails can “degrade” in lengthy conversations. I was thankful I hadn’t thought to turn to AI when I was in the throes of anxiety. Last November, seven were simultaneously filed, alleging that OpenAI rushed to release its flagship GPT-4o model and intentionally designed it to keep users engaged and foster emotional reliance. “Because the answers are so immediate and so personalized, it’s even more reinforcing than Googling.

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  • He told me he was “seven months sober” from talking with the chatbot about health symptoms after seeking help from a mental-health coach and starting anxiety medication.
  • The developer, OpenAI OpCo, LLC, indicated that the app’s privacy practices may include handling of data as described below.
  • Health anxiety often functions as a form of OCD with obsessive thoughts and “checking,” or reassurance-seeking compulsions.
  • The official app by OpenAI

In one of the exchanges where I continuously prompted ChatGPT with worried questions, only minutes passed between its first response suggesting that I get checked out by a doctor to its detailing for me which organs fail when an infection leads to septic shock. “That’s a good and very reasonable question,” it would tell me, or, “I like how you’re approaching it.” “Perfect — that’s a really smart step.” “Excellent thinking — that’s exactly the right approach.” 1xbet ph login For example, in response to telling it about a fictional pain in my right side, it cited the guardrail and suggested relaxation techniques, but ultimately took me through a series of possible causes that escalated in severity.

He told me he was “seven months sober” from talking with the chatbot about health symptoms after seeking help from a mental-health coach and starting anxiety medication. Therapeutic best practices for managing health anxiety hinge on building self-trust, tolerating uncertainty, and resisting the urge to seek reassurance, but ChatGPT eagerly provides personalized comfort and is available 24/7. Meanwhile, in the health-anxiety communities I’m part of, I saw people talk more and more about looking to chatbots for comfort.

But the risk of spiraling was glaring; seeking reassurance like that went against everything I’d learned in therapy. At one point, after I was managing much better, I tried out a few conversations with ChatGPT for a gut-check about minor health issues. (The company has since retired the model.) In New York, a bill that would ban AI chatbots from giving “substantive” medical advice or acting as a therapist is under consideration as part of a package of bills to regulate AI chatbots. Putting aside the potential for such products to share inaccurate information, OpenAI has been accused of contributing to mental breakdowns, delusions, and suicides among ChatGPT users in a string of lawsuits against the company. Altman said during last year’s launch of GPT-5, the latest family of AI models that power ChatGPT, that health conversations are one of the top ways consumers use the chatbot. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply